Nice to Know

What is a Cuban Sand­wich Cigar?

The­re are dif­fe­rent types of cigars: long fil­lers, short fil­lers and tho­se that are rol­led using the so-cal­led Cuban sand­wich process.

Cuban Sand­wich cigars com­bi­ne long and short fil­lers and are some­ti­mes refer­red to as medi­um fil­lers. The­se cigars have a wrap­per and a bin­der made of lar­ge tob­ac­co lea­ves (long fil­ler). The fil­ler con­sists of smal­ler pie­ces of tob­ac­co (short fil­ler), which in turn are rol­led up into lar­ger pie­ces of tob­ac­co like a sand­wich. This design allows for more cost-effec­ti­ve pro­duc­tion. In the hig­her qua­li­ty cigars, the smal­ler lef­to­vers from the pro­duc­tion of long fil­lers are used asfil­ler, so they are not infe­ri­or tob­ac­cos. As a rule, the­se cigars burn very even­ly with a good draw.

How is the pri­ce of a cigar deter­mi­ned in Germany?

We rese­ar­ched for a few hours, asked dea­lers, tax advi­sors and cus­toms.
As an exam­p­le, we took a Robus­to with a retail value of $ 10 from Nica­ra­gua. Cigars from Nica­ra­gua, Cen­tral Ame­ri­ca, the Domi­ni­can Repu­blic and Cos­ta Rica can be impor­ted into Ger­ma­ny duty-free. Cigars from the USA, Cuba or Indo­ne­sia, on the other hand, are sub­ject to an addi­tio­nal 26% tariff. The sel­ling pri­ce here in Ger­ma­ny is not varia­ble as we have a fixed pri­ce for cigars.
The dis­tri­bu­ti­on bet­ween trade and importer natu­ral­ly varies from com­pa­ny to com­pa­ny. If the trade gets more, the importer’s mar­gin is redu­ced and vice ver­sa.
The per­cen­ta­ges we roun­ded refer to the gross sales pri­ce inclu­ding the 19% VAT in the store.
So the sta­te has a 36% sta­ke in our cigars!

Cigars from the USA, Indo­ne­sia and Cuba, among others, are sub­ject to an addi­tio­nal cus­toms duty of 26% when impor­ted into Ger­ma­ny. This increa­ses sta­te taxes to 40%. If we stick with our exam­p­le of a cigar with a sales pri­ce of $ 10.00 and assu­me all other para­me­ters as for the duty-free ver­si­on, only 25% or $ 2.50 remains for production.

Names such as “Haba­no Seed”, “Kuba” and “Hava­na” are not per­mit­ted in Ger­ma­ny for cigars made from non-Cuban tob­ac­co.

In respon­se to a lawsu­it filed by Cor­pora­ción Haba­nos S.A. after the Munich Regio­nal Court in the first ins­tance, the Munich Hig­her Regio­nal Court has now also deter­mi­ned as an appeal aut­ho­ri­ty that “Cuba” and “Hava­na” and deri­va­ti­ves the­reof are geo­gra­phi­cal desi­gna­ti­ons of ori­gin with a spe­cial repu­ta­ti­on in rela­ti­on to cigars and enjoy cor­re­spon­din­gly exten­ded pro­tec­tion under trade­mark law.

Addi­tio­nal infor­ma­ti­on such as “from Ecua­dor” or “Jala­pa – Nica­ra­gua” does not chan­ges this result. As has now been con­firm­ed in the appeal ruling, such infor­ma­ti­on is inad­mis­si­ble, even if the tob­ac­co grown out­side of Cuba ori­gi­na­ted in Cuba, with seeds taken from the­re to other count­ries after the Cuban Revolution.

Back­ground:

Tob­ac­cos are annu­al plants and adapt stron­gly to soils and cli­ma­tic con­di­ti­ons; very dif­fe­rent pro­per­ties deve­lop from the same seeds in dif­fe­rent gro­wing are­as in a short time. Genui­ne Cuban seeds have been bred exclu­si­ve­ly for Cuban tob­ac­co pro­duc­tion for many deca­des and are not exported.

The Ame­ri­can Cuba embar­go and its effects for us in Germany

In 1959, Fidel Cas­tro over­th­rew the then Cuban dic­ta­tor Batis­ta and sub­se­quent­ly estab­lished a socia­list sta­te. In the cour­se of the revo­lu­ti­on, US com­pa­nies and citi­zens were expro­pria­ted, and the USA respon­ded with a per­ma­nent blo­cka­de against Cuba.

The first mea­su­res were impo­sed in 1960 by Pre­si­dent Dwight D. Eisen­hower and were tigh­ten­ed by John F. Ken­ne­dy in 1962 when an embar­go was impo­sed on all trade bet­ween the United Sta­tes and Cuba. On the eve of the embar­go coming into force on Febru­ary 7, Ken­ne­dy orde­red a deli­very of 1,200 Cuban cigars for hims­elf — a pro­duct that has been ban­ned for US citi­zens sin­ce then. In 2014, Pre­si­dent Oba­ma rela­xed the tra­vel and trade bar­riers to Cuba. Ame­ri­cans are now allo­wed to take home goods worth up to $400 from their trips to Cuba. Alco­hol and tob­ac­co tog­e­ther may not exceed a value of $100, and Cuban cigars may only be impor­ted for per­so­nal use. In 2021, Pre­si­dent Trump with­drew the­se con­ces­si­ons and Ame­ri­cans are now again not allo­wed to bring Cuban cigars into the USA.

In 2024, Pre­si­dent Biden signed a law that pro­hi­bits US courts from reco­gni­zing rights to trade­marks that have been “ille­gal­ly sei­zed” by the Cuban govern­ment sin­ce 1959 wit­hout the con­sent of the ori­gi­nal owners.

In con­trast to many other count­ries, the USA has not reco­gni­zed Cuba’s trade­mark rights. As a result, the­re are iden­ti­cal brands of Cuban cigars in the USA that are par­al­lel to the Cuban cigar brands, but they are not pro­du­ced in Cuba. Sin­ce the Euro­pean Uni­on, and the­r­e­fo­re also Ger­ma­ny, reco­gni­zes Cuban trade­mark rights, only the Cuban vari­ants are available here and the Ame­ri­can ones may not be impor­ted into Ger­ma­ny becau­se they vio­la­te Cuban rights. Cuban cigar brands such as Cohi­ba, Mon­te­cris­to or Par­ta­gás are pro­tec­ted in the EU by the Cuban govern­ment or the sta­te-owned tob­ac­co com­pa­ny Haba­nos S.A. If ano­ther com­pa­ny uses the­se brand names wit­hout owning the rights to them, as hap­pens in the USA with US com­pa­nies, this is con­side­red a trade­mark inf­rin­ge­ment in the EU.

The same appli­es to Cuban rum such as Hava­na Club.

The tob­ac­co plant and the importance of the dif­fe­rent levels of the lea­ves.

Tob­ac­co plant and the indi­vi­du­al flo­ors: Media Tiem­po, Lige­ro, Viso, Sec­co, Vola­do and Sand Leaf.

Tob­ac­co plants are annu­al win­ter plants. Cul­ti­va­ti­on beg­ins bet­ween Octo­ber and Novem­ber and is then har­ve­s­ted bet­ween March and April. The rea­dy-to-har­ve­st plant will then have rea­ched a height of bet­ween 5½’ and 6’. As the plant grows, the side shoots are remo­ved by hand so that they do not stunt growth. The last bud is remo­ved after about 3 months to stop growth and so that the lea­ves con­ti­nue to impro­ve in qua­li­ty and strength.

Cul­ti­va­ti­on occurs in two ways. On the one hand, “Taba­co del Sol” (tob­ac­co in the sun), here the plants grow unpro­tec­ted under the sun. The lea­ves of the­se plants are used for fil­ler and bin­ders. From top to bot­tom the lea­ves have dif­fe­rent properties:

Medio Tiem­po, the two lea­ves at the top of the plant are the stron­gest. The­se get the most sun and have a high nico­ti­ne con­cen­tra­ti­on. They are often used for strong cigars.

This is fol­lo­wed by the lige­ro lea­ves. Spi­cy, strong and aro­ma­tic, so the lar­ger the pro­por­ti­on of lige­ro lea­ves in a fil­ler, the stron­ger the cigar is.

Viso lea­ves deli­ver more fla­vor and con­tain more oil than Seco, but the lea­ves are less inten­se than Lige­ro. Viso also burns slower than Seco but more even­ly than Ligero.

Seco lea­ves from the midd­le part of the plant are mild and par­ti­cu­lar­ly important for the aromas.

The lower ones (Vola­do) are par­ti­cu­lar­ly mild and have par­ti­cu­lar­ly good bur­ning pro­per­ties. They are often used as a binder.

On the other hand, “Taba­co Tapa­do” (cover­ed tob­ac­co), here the plants grow under white veils pro­tec­ted from direct sun­light. This method is cho­sen for plants inten­ded for wrap­pers. The dar­ker wrap­pers are obtai­ned from the upper lea­ves of the­se plants. The fur­ther down, the brighter.

When har­ve­s­t­ing, the lea­ves are picked by hand. The har­ve­st takes place in six rounds. Each round lasts appro­xi­m­ate­ly one week. First the­re are the lowest lea­ves, the sand lea­ves, then from bot­tom to top: Vola­do, Sec­co, Viso, Lige­ro and final­ly the top pair of lea­ves, the Corona.

Due to the dif­fe­rent pro­per­ties of the indi­vi­du­al “flo­ors”, the mas­ter blen­der can mix many dif­fe­rent vari­ants of the same plant.

The dif­fe­rent cigar shapes (Spa­nish: Vito­la).

Cigars are not only made in dif­fe­rent ring gau­ges (dia­me­ters) and dif­fe­rent lengths, but the shapes also dif­fer and the­r­e­fo­re the smo­king experience.

In gene­ral, the vito­las are divi­ded into two categories:

  1. The Figu­ra­dos. They taper on one or even both sides and the­r­e­fo­re have a chan­ging ring gau­ge bet­ween head and foot.

The tor­pe­do is pro­ba­b­ly the most popu­lar cigar shape. The most famous cigar of this for­mat is the Mon­te­cris­to No. 2.

The Pira­mi­des are very simi­lar to the tor­pe­does. Howe­ver, towards the head they beco­me slim­mer and more poin­ted, like a pyramid.

The chisel is a rare and spe­cial shape. The head is mode­led on a pipe mouthpiece.

Per­fec­tos have tape­red ends on both sides. This means that the ring gau­ge of a Per­fec­to cigar is very dif­fe­rent at every point.
The dia­de­ma is a lon­ger perfecto.

  1. The Pare­jos. They are rol­led straight in such a way that their sides are par­al­lel to each other, like a cylin­der. They have a con­sis­tent ring gau­ge from head to toe.

A spe­cial form of Pare­jos are “box-pres­sed” cigars. Box­pres­sed cigars are available as both pare­jo and figu­ra­do. The term “box­pres­sed” comes from the past, when as many cigars as pos­si­ble were pres­sed as clo­se tog­e­ther as pos­si­ble into their boxes. The­r­e­fo­re, they took on a rec­tan­gu­lar shape and were no lon­ger round. Today this con­di­ti­on is imi­ta­ted by pres­sing into rec­tan­gu­lar shapes. The­se types of cigars are par­ti­cu­lar­ly popu­lar in the USA.

Ano­ther spe­cial form are the cule­bras. This form also has a his­to­ri­cal ori­gin. A cule­bra (Spa­nish for sna­ke) is a braid made from three indi­vi­du­al thin cigars. The fac­to­ry workers were entit­led to a cer­tain amount of free cigars (cigar allo­wan­ce). At that time, the aim was to pre­vent fac­to­ry workers from resel­ling cigars and they wan­ted to be able to tell imme­dia­te­ly when a worker was smo­king one of the more valuable cigars. Howe­ver, the Cule­bras were a huge suc­cess when sold on and were so sought after that they have sin­ce been pro­du­ced spe­ci­fi­cal­ly for the trade.

Com­mon names for the dif­fe­rent sizes of Pare­jos (cylind­ri­cal cigars) and their dimensions
to enlar­ge: dou­ble click

The names of the dif­fe­rent cigar for­mats have evol­ved over cen­tu­ries. They are the result of the cul­tu­ral and artis­a­nal tra­di­ti­ons in the count­ries whe­re cigars were made, par­ti­cu­lar­ly Cuba, the Domi­ni­can Repu­blic and Honduras.

Many of the com­mon names come from Cuba, the his­to­ric cen­ter of cigar pro­duc­tion. Manu­fac­tu­r­ers such as Haba­nos S.A., the umbrel­la orga­niza­ti­on for Cuban cigars, have stan­dar­di­zed the for­mats, such as “Coro­na”, “Robus­to” or “Chur­chill”.

Some names reflect local tra­di­ti­ons or his­to­ri­cal figu­res. such as “Chur­chill”, named after Win­s­ton Chur­chill, who was known for his love of lar­ge cigars. Over time, cer­tain for­mats have beco­me estab­lished as they have pro­ven popu­lar with cigar lovers. Terms like “Pan­a­te­la” (thin and long) or “Gordo” (thick) are based on gene­ral descrip­ti­ons. In the modern cigar indus­try, for­mats are often defi­ned by brands and manu­fac­tu­r­ers them­sel­ves in order to stand out from others. Examp­les are fan­ta­sy names like “Dia­de­ma” or “Per­fec­to”.

Con­fu­sing ring gauge

The ring size of our cigars has not­hing to do with the usu­al ring size for jewel­ry rings in Ger­ma­ny. With a fin­ger ring, the cir­cum­fe­rence of the fin­ger is mea­su­red in mil­li­me­ters and this results in the inner cir­cum­fe­rence of the ring and thus the ring size.

The ring gau­ge of our cigars, on the other hand, is the dia­me­ter, mea­su­red in inches, i.e. the Ang­lo-Ame­ri­can mea­su­re­ment sys­tem. Howe­ver, it is a litt­le more com­pli­ca­ted. Sin­ce one inch is equal to 25.4 mil­li­me­ters, the unit would sim­ply be too lar­ge. The­r­e­fo­re the dia­me­ter is given in 64ths of an inch. So, for exam­p­le, the ring gau­ge 40 would actual­ly be cor­rect­ly cal­led 40/64″.

The Ame­ri­can cigar ring size 40 cor­re­sponds to 50 accor­ding to our Ger­man metric sys­tem of the jewel­ry industry.

The import of cigars into Ger­ma­ny is sub­ject to cer­tain legal regu­la­ti­ons. The fol­lo­wing peo­p­le or com­pa­nies are allo­wed to import cigars:

  • Pri­va­te individuals

For per­so­nal use: Pri­va­te indi­vi­du­als can import cigars from other count­ries into Ger­ma­ny as long as the allo­wan­ce is not exceeded.

Within the EU, the gui­de­line quan­ti­ty for pri­va­te use is:
200 cigars. Imports are tax-free if they come from an EU coun­try and the goods are inten­ded for per­so­nal use. 

From non-EU count­ries:
The allo­wan­ce is: 50 cigars, as long as the total value of € 430 ($ 450) is not excee­ded (only appli­es to air or sea tra­vel). Only a maxi­mum of 10 cigars may be sent by post and only from pri­va­te indi­vi­du­al to pri­va­te indi­vi­du­al with a total value of no more than € 45. Ship­ments from for­eign dea­lers to pri­va­te indi­vi­du­als in Ger­ma­ny are con­fis­ca­ted by customs.

  • Com­mer­cial dealers

Com­mer­cial dea­lers may import cigars, but must:

Be regis­tered and have a tax warehouse per­mit.
Pro­per­ly decla­re and pay the tob­ac­co tax. Be able to pre­sent all import docu­ments (e.g. cus­toms papers, pro­of of origin).

Mark the goods in accordance with legal requi­re­ments (e.g. tax stamps, warnings).

  • Licen­sed importers

Com­pa­nies that spe­cia­li­ze in tob­ac­co imports require:

A licen­se or per­mit from the rele­vant authorities.

Regis­tra­ti­on with Ger­man customs.

Com­pli­ance with the legal requi­re­ments for ingre­di­ents and pack­a­ging in accordance with the Tob­ac­co Pro­ducts Act.

Vio­la­ti­ons of tob­ac­co tax and cus­toms regu­la­ti­ons can result in high fines.

  • Important regu­la­ti­ons

All cigars must com­ply with Ger­man and EU stan­dards (e.g. war­nings on pack­a­ging, ingre­di­ent restrictions).

Fur­ther­mo­re, the so-cal­led “Trac and Trace” legis­la­ti­on (T&T), which has been in force throug­hout the EU sin­ce 2024, must be obser­ved. T&T in con­nec­tion with tob­ac­co pro­ducts is a sys­tem for the tracea­bi­li­ty and moni­to­ring of tob­ac­co pro­ducts along the enti­re sup­p­ly chain.

Tob­ac­co importers must ensu­re that each tob­ac­co pro­duct is uni­que­ly iden­ti­fia­ble. This is done through a uni­que iden­ti­fier code (UIC) assi­gned by an inde­pen­dent body. This allows each pro­duct to be tra­cked from the manu­fac­tu­rer to the importer and retail­er. For importers, this means that they must ensu­re that their pro­ducts are only pas­sed on by regis­tered and appro­ved ope­ra­tors. All move­ments of tob­ac­co pro­ducts must be digi­tal­ly recor­ded and repor­ted to a cen­tral data­ba­se. Aut­ho­ri­ties can veri­fy the move­ments of the pro­ducts. Vio­la­ti­ons, such as the lack of a UIC or incom­ple­te reports, can lead to hea­vy fines.

  • All state­ments wit­hout guarantee
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